Orbital Refineries will import minerals from every adjacently-jump lined planetary body/nebula/asteroid field mines and the mines in their own gravity well, with a maximum of 3 refineries per mine. (Sometimes less...I want to say max of 2 refineries. Sometimes I've seen refineries import more than 1 per mine)
With Trade Ports, the way to use them effectively is to string them along the main trade route of your empire, you can find this by hovering your mouse over your credits-display, and a white line between nodes will appear. These trade ports earn a premium over others.
Oh, and trade port bonuses stack too, so don't hesitate to stack 'em up.
dont use orbital refineries till they get a boost, they are mostly worthless now
If you're a Vasari in a metal-deficient system or Advent/TEC in a crystal-deficient system this is bad advice. A better rule is to use orbital refineries either at jump nexuses or put them in last.