Yeah, think of a phase gate as a giant hyperspace cannon. It sends the ships in the right direction with the right power.
Why can't any ship find the co-ordinants? Well they aren't just the XYZ you're used to, there is also time to take into consideration. Since the gaps in space are so large, you have to have a mini wormhole to give acurate data. If A ship sends out it's sensors, discovers where it is they want to go, by the time they've received the data, the co-ordinants have changed.
With a phase gate, they are entering phase space, (like a mini wormhole) so they can receive the data almost real time.