Here are a few ships that have new roles:
Fireships- unarmed, packed with explosives, designed to ram enemy ships or structures and destroy themselves. (Also, the concept of mine explosions that don't affect the mine owner is rubbish, ships stayed out of their own minefields, I hope that is changed. If exploding capitals damaged nearby strikecraft they would be less valuable as a target.)
Electronic Warfare ships- it's extremely difficult to set an ambush, especially when in a storm or asteroid belt, that can't be right? So how about a mobile phase inhibitor that can also cloak stationary non-attacking ships unless a scout is nearly on top of them?
Boarding ships- there's very little opportunity to capture ships, how about a fast unarmed ship that can dock with heavily damaged enemies?
Support ships- support is currently entirely abstracted, but it doesn't have to be. Support ships might have to remain in an adjacent system, like a baggage train, otherwise your fleet suffers weapons and antimatter penalties if it is larger than a set limit.
Dont like all of your ideas but i think that boarding ships and more/better suport ships are brilliant ideas.
I personally think that the ability to board ships to capture them when they are knackered frm battle is an oppurtunity to enhance the gameplay that ironclad never considered. Wouldnt be to hard to balance, for example you could have to meet criteria such as damaging a ship to a certain point, then using the akkan ionbolt or giving the bombers a disabling ability (for instance) to disable the ship and then mark it for capture (to prevent the fleet killing it), then send in a boarding ship within a certain amount of time before the disabling effect wears off to capture it. Or sumin like that. And I doubt it would turn into a case of lose a ship = replace it with enemy ship because in the heat of a sins battle boarding ships wouldnt have a 100% success rate even if they did start boarding and you would be limited by your fleet supply.
As for support ships well atm fleet support ships (i mean as in repair for example) arent as fleshed out as they could be. Maybe a couple more support ships and more options for currently existing ones could add a decent layer of strategy to the combat. 
Though as for people sugestions on new cap ships that I've seen here and there, nah I dont think so. All things considered there are plenty of them per race, their all different enough to be usefull in their own right and they're balenced pretty well.
As for super dreadnought things ,,,erm NO for heaven sakes people it wouldnt work. And if it does the beta will be a nightmare