I personally don't like the monochromatic portion of the image, especially over the oceans - it just looks like there's nothing at all there, and that the continents are just kind of floating in space, especially since the monochromatic portions are somewhat transparent. I feel that having the hex grid show only on the improvable tiles is sufficient for showing where you can and cannot build things, though I suppose a highlighting option wouldn't be terrible.
I count 13 tiles shown; the planet class is 15. Unless you're suddenly counting planet traits as part of the planet class, there's something wrong with this picture, especially since I have no idea where the other two tiles are. Are those extra tiles available through terraforming? If so, why do they show up in the listed planet quality? When choosing what planet to colonize, my primary concern isn't how good it can eventually become, but rather how good it is right now, and I'd be seriously disappointed to colonize a Class 16 world and find only 7 tiles available immediately upon colonization.
Unless tax rates are back, I don't know that I like approval being around. Without a variable tax rate, it's just a bar that says you must build this many entertainment facilities on this planet in order for it to be useful to you, especially if elections come back.
Without the box displaying information about the selected tile, how am I to determine where the tiles with an inherent bonus are (e.g. 'mountainous' +1 to wealth structures, or 'grasslands' +1 to population)? Do I now need to click around everywhere with each type of improvement to see where the bonus tiles are, are the tile-type bonuses gone, or do they get their own little icons now?
I tend to agree with the others who have said that the 1/5/10/50 set of icons is a bit awkward. If you want to do something like that, might I suggest making it 1/5/25/125, so you'll always have 0-4 of any specific size of icon at once? Or the 1/10/100 set that others have suggested, for 0-9 icons of a given size? I realize that it's the same pattern as the symbol set for Roman numerals, but I don't really think that it works well here.
I also feel that unless each category is given a grouping under the 'all' tab, it's a bit odd to separate out the projects like you've done. I don't see any evidence that there are separate 'ships' and 'improvements' blocks, yet having those separated would be as useful for the 'all' tab as having the projects separated out as they are.