I'm sure there are more, but early on in GalCiv III manufacturing could be converted pretty directly to research or money, and at a rate that made pure manufacturing planets superior to dedicated lab/econ planets.
This is not actually the case. Pure manufacturing worlds were never likely to be superior to dedicated lab or purse worlds. The conversion from manufacturing to research/wealth was
0.25 * [raw manufacturing] * (1 + [manufacturing bonus]) * (1 + [research or wealth bonus))
The best-case scenario for using a factory world for research instead of a lab world for research is that you have fully-upgraded factories (I'll assume Industrial Sectors) and a fully-upgraded power plant (I'll assume Quantum, since Singularity is galaxy-unique) and only the basic labs (i.e. the Basic Lab, +25%/+5% per level); I will assume that both builds dedicate the same number of tiles and the same tiles to farms, approval structures, and other structures which do not affect the output multiplier. In such a scenario, the effective research multiplier of the factory world was
0.25 * (1 + 0.75 * N + 0.05 * (B + L) + 1 + M) * (1 + R) = (0.5 + 0.1875 * N + 0.0125 * (B + L) + 0.25 * M) * (1 + R)
while the same world built as a lab world would have an effective research multiplier of
1 + 0.25 * (N + 1) + 0.05 * L + R = 1.25 + 0.25 * N + 0.05 * L + R
where N is the number factories, M is the non-structure manufacturing bonus at the planet, R is the non-structure research bonus at the planet, L is the number of lab levels that the lab world can attain, and B is the number of additional levels that the factory world can attain. In order for the world's effective research multiplier when built as a factory world to equal that of the world when built as a lab world, you needed a number of additional levels B and a non-structure manufacturing bonus M such that
0.0125 * B + 0.25 * M = (1.25 / (1 + R) - 0.5) + (0.25 / (1 + R) - 0.1875) * N + (0.05 / (1 + R) - 0.0125) * L + R / (1 + R)
In order for the world to offer a better research multiplier when built as a factory world than when built as a lab world, the LHS must be greater than the RHS. This is not an easy condition for the factory world to fulfill, especially since B being large doesn't necessarily help the factory world (each possible value of B carries with it an implied minimum value of N and L; this may well hurt the factory build more than it helps it by comparison to the lab build). Adding empire-unique or galaxy-unique structures can change things a bit, but, well, just how heavily are you going to stack the deck in favor of the factory world to show that the factory world is 'better' than the lab world at producing research?
The same applies to a purse world. Note that the above assumes that we're looking at the long-term picture. A factory world could in theory finish building its structures before a lab or purse world and thereby attain a temporary lead in total output to date.
What was likely to be the case was for mixed lab-factory or market-factory worlds to be superior to pure-lab or pure-market worlds. For some reason, this was deemed to be illogical and unacceptable by a vocal portion of the player base, despite this being more similar to reality than a complete dissociation of technological development and industry, and also despite the questionable logic of the single-output planet.