A side note is that the different ages are reached by researching technologies, so you really want/need to do a lot of research to open the Age of Ascension locked techs. The tech tree shows a progress number (20/32) towards the next age.
As far as I can tell, what techs are researched doesn't change the progress towards the next age, just the total number.
It can be frustrating to have a colony ship waiting there and be unable to use it.