The Ancient Survey Module (first screen snapshot below) is supposed to give a ship the ability to survey anomalies, but I have found that it does not always work.  It has worked about half of the time, but I am writing this post because it has failed on the last 2 ships that I tried to apply it to.

I would give you a save file so that you can recreate the issue, but exiting back to the main menu, then loading the most recent auto-saved game fixes the issue (I have set auto-save to every turn).  Therefore, this must be one of those difficult to find issues where something is happening as the game progresses that makes the module not work, but reloading a saved game cleans-up whatever the issue is.