The ship is the Stilakus Subverters which is the arrow looking thing in the empire tree. They have two abilities, the first is a weakening of enemy shields, greatly lowering their shield mitigation and making them more easily bypassed by phase missiles; the other is the ability to create a distortion field within the gravity well to perform an in-grav phase jump, teleporting it towards an enemy target before it channels a disabling field of energy.

The teleport disable ability works against frigates and planet structures. It disables everything on the target.

From BuffTeleportDisableTarget:

entityBoolModifier "DisableAbilities"
entityBoolModifier "DisableConstruction"
entityBoolModifier "DisableModuleFunctionality"
entityBoolModifier "DisablePhaseJump"
entityBoolModifier "DisableLinearEngines"
entityBoolModifier "DisableAngularEngines"
entityBoolModifier "DisableRegeneration"
entityBoolModifier "DisableWeapons"

Subverters are a very good support ship for the Vasari, unlike the bloated and expensive Overseer.  They help you quickly bombard any high value target; and the disabling ability works quite nicely, as you noticed. 

Also, damn, that AI has 67 bomber squadrons... I'm sure a fair number are being deployed by those 4 Skirantras.  Still, your Enforcers were going to be picked to pieces anyway.  A Devastator with Jam Weapons might have been quite handy at that point. 

Back to the point though, busting enemy Subverters helps your ships survive.  Even though you seem to have been doomed in that example due to the AI's overwhelming fleet composition compared to your own, keep that in mind for the future.

Subverters are deadly.  As already mentioned, their disable is area of effect.  You either have to quickly kill the subs or you need to spread out your fleet.  Once Vasari has operational subverters, it becomes exceedingly difficult to defeat them in a straight fight.

You can switch to play the CPU? How the heck? Learn somethin' new every day.